Motives of Adolf Hitler in Audens Epitaph on a Tyrant and September 1,

Adolf Hitler was a very powerful man, and had a disturbing vision of how the world should be. W.H. Auden was interested in Adolf Hitler, and this interest can be seen in Auden’s poetry. September 1, 1939 and Epitaph on a Tyrant are two poems in which Auden scrutinizes Hitler’s actions. Auden uses symbolism in these two poems to illustrate the different aspects of Hitler’s life and actions. To begin with, Epitaph on a Tyrant personified Hitler’s obsession with â€Å"perfection of a kind.† The obsession with â€Å"perfection† that Hitler held and the dream of a world where blonde hair and blue eyes ruled upset Auden. To attempt genocide on all non-Aryan races was an atrocity and Epitaph on a Tyrant embodied Auden’s emotions of the ethnic cleansing at the hands of the Nazis. Auden empathized with homosexuals, Jews, gypsies, and other minority groups who were the scapegoats of World War II. Auden himself was a homosexual, and for this reason felt saddened that Hitler would persecute people like him based on their sexual orientation. Hitler controlled ever facet of Germany, exemplifying a judge, demanding order in Hitler’s court. The power that Hitler had was astounding and was accurately portrayed during Epitaph on a Tyrant. Hitler’s power knew no bounds and â€Å"when he laughed, respectable senators burst with laughter.† Fear is instilled upon not only Germany’s citizens, but also in its government, when even the senators cannot oppose Hitler. They laugh not because Hitler is funny, but because they fear for their lives. There was only one god during the Third Reich, and that god was Hitler, worshipped by all. When Hitler laughs, everyone else does as well, because upsetting a god like Hitler was a very unpleasant scene. Epitaph on a Tyrant... ...eptember 1, 1939 shows that â€Å"What huge imago made / A psychopathic god.† The parenting that Hitler had led to his aggression and Auden demonstrates this through the symbolism in his poetry. The symbolism that was used throughout Epitaph on a Tyrant and September 1, 1939 illustrate the many aspects of Adolf Hitler’s life and actions. The insights made by Auden on Hitler were numerous, and the examples given previously are few of many. Auden’s sympathy with those who were persecuted by the leader of the National Socialist German Workers' Party extended to his poetry. In Auden’s poetry, Auden gave reasons for why the Chancellor of Germany during the time of World War II was the way he was. The unspeakable crimes that Hitler committed drove Auden to delve into all aspects of Adolf’s life, searching for the truth of what made Germany’s only human God so terribly inhuman.

Every Person Is an Architect of His Own Future

Every person is an architect of his future. Discuss. First draft Batyrkhan Saniya, ID 20122886 Academic Reading and Writing Course GEN 1120 Turgan Zhanadilov 12 February 2013 Outline I. Introduction. Thesis statement: Although some people believe that it is quite hard to manage the future because of inevitable fate, there seem to be no doubt that the person and only person is a creator of the future. II. Body. A. First, the future depends on person’s attitude to life. 1. Inspiring yourself 2. Doing everything with love B.Second, person and only person can create favorable conditions in his or her life. 1. Experience of successful people D. However, some people argue that no one can manage the future. 1. The destiny 2. Life circumstances III. Conclusion. Meaning of the â€Å"Every man is an architect of his future† make the public understand the phrase in different ways. Some people become rich and successful by a chance, while others reach their goals after a long strug gle. According to Dahl & Ransom (1999), wealthy people may help to poor people, but they will not make poor people become as rich as they are.Why they will not make them rich? Someone may say that wealthy man cannot make poor man rich because being poor and being wealthy is the fate. Others may say that living in wealth depends on person: if poor person do not want to be rich, he will not be rich; but he can be wealthy if he really want it. Some people believe in nature’s laws that everything in this world is related and nothing can happen just like you want; while others know that everything in their hands, that they are masters of their life, they are making their destiny by themselves.Although some people believe that it is quite hard to manage the future because of inevitable fate, there seem to be no doubt that the person and only person is a creator of the future. One of the main reasons for saying that everyone is an architect of his future is the person’s attit ude to life. Our future is what we are thinking and doing now. We creating next day by thoughts, wishes, behavior, etc. That is true! There is not only one possible course of events in your life. Every person has several variants of a destiny, and everyone choose the way which he or she wants to follow.The problem is how people feel about a situation that forces them to make this choice. Almost everyone meet with some obstacles on their life road, and many people see them as something irresistible, irreparable. Others see these obstacles as a challenge. They see them as not a dead end, but the opportunity. In all the events that happen around us, for someone there are opportunities and for others may be â€Å"dead end†. For example, Steil (2007) in his article mentioned about a girl, who almost lost the ability to see and move because of accident, weird accident.Doctors said that the situation is very bad, and many people may give up in her place. However, this girl believed herself and in her strength, she was positively-oriented to everything. It was reflected in her attitude to herself and other people. No matter how the situation was bad, she could struggle with this obstacle and move straight to her goals. Another reason is that the person and only person can create favorable conditions in his or her life. The one of good examples for that are the successful people.Not getting that promotion can make person feel like the end of the world, but people who are the idols for whole world show that devastating failures are just another stop on the road to success. For example, Marilyn Monroe's first contract with Columbia Pictures expired because they told her she wasn't pretty or talented enough to be an actress. Monroe  kept plugging away and now she is one of the most iconic actresses and sex symbols of all time (http://marilynmonroe. com/history/).Oprah Winfrey was fired from her television reporting job because they told her she wasn't fit to be o n screen. But  Winfrey rebounded  and became the undisputed queen of television talk shows. She's also a billionaire (http://www. oprah. com/index. html). These are the one of the world's greatest success stories of people, who just happen to have experience of massive failure that could have easily made them give-up. But they didn't and now they're the monuments of success that they are remembered for, a good source of encouragement when it feels like you will never make it to the top.However, some people argue that no one can manage the future because of the destiny and life circumstances. As Conchalovsky says (2005), â€Å"For every person, there is a destiny. Nothing happens accidentally, everything happens because of some law or other things. † There is a nature’s law that everything comes from something, all subjects and objects are related to each other. Another example is inevitable life situations occurring frequently nowadays that can ruin plans of human at anytime. But, as it was written, the attitude to life helps to fight with these situations.To conclude, our life is complex and unpredictable. Often people think that no one can hide from the fate, that we were born and live on a particular scenario, and that everything what destined above will happen. But few of us have thought about the fact that person creates the future, person’s actions, thoughts, desires and feelings. Always remember that people are the creators of the future, so they must create it with enthusiasm, reveal the creative potential. Reference list: Ransom, M. R. , ; Dahl, G. B. (1999).Does Where You Stand Depend on Where You Sit? Tithing Donations and Self-Serving Beliefs. American Economic Review  (pp. 703–727). American Economic Association. Retrieved February 9, 2013 from www. jstor. org Steil, M. (2007). Chto takoe pozitivnoe otnoshenie k zhizni? Retrieved February 8, 2013 from www. shkolazhizni. ru Baraban, E. (2007). â€Å"The Fate of a Man† by Sergei Bondarchuk and the Soviet Cinema of Trauma. The Slavic and East European Journal,  51(3), 514–534. Retrieved February 10, 2013 from: http://www. jstor. org/stable/20459525 .

King Leopold’s Ghost: A Critical Book Review Essay

At the beginning of the 18th century, Africa became a target of European imperialism. Prior to the said period, Africa only served as trading post for ensuring the flow of goods to Europe. It was also one of the chief sources of slaves. The Portuguese established small settlements on the Cape of Good Hope and Eastern Africa. The Spaniards colonized some parts of Western Sahara and Morocco. During this period, much of Africa was still unknown to the Europeans. It was a land of mystery and barbarism (from the descriptions of Spanish and Portuguese chroniclers). From 1850 to 1870, the European powers divided Africa into several colonies. The British received Sudan, Egypt, South Africa, and most of central Africa. North Africa, except Libya (which was allocated to Italy) was given to France. Germany received Tanzania, Togo, Cameroon, and Western Africa. The Spanish and Portuguese retained their possessions. At the Berlin Conference (headed by Otto von Bismarck), the European powers were surprised at Belgium’s insistence of acquiring colonies in Africa. After a careful review of territorial arrangements, the European powers agreed to give Belgium Congo. King Leopold’s insistence on acquiring Congo was essentially based on two reasons. First, according to official record, he wanted to stop the so-called Arab slave trade. The Arab slave trade had its origins in the Portuguese slave trade in the 16th century. The Arabs provided a significant supply of slaves to the Portuguese. King Leopold wanted to put an end to this practice as it jeopardized the dignity of the Christian religion. Second, King Leopold wanted to increase his property holdings. King Leopold believed that the future and prosperity of his country depended on acquisitions in Africa. Leopold witnessed the progress Britain enjoyed after it acquired a significant number of colonial possessions. The same thing can be said about France and Germany. Leopold wanted to make Belgium an equal partner of the other European powers in propagating European culture and ideology to Africa. General Summary The first chapters of the book provided insight to the colonization of Congo. Henry Stanley, a known advocate of African colonization, wrote a general account of the African life. The account was full of exaggerations and promises, that is, stimulants to pressure the European powers to colonize Africa. Stanley described the Africans as ‘submerging in the ways of barbarism and cannibalism’ – a description that he never saw. The deep prejudice of Stanley towards the people of Africa can be shown in his later writings. He argued that there is a need to educate and train the African people in order that they may become self-sufficient – by self-sufficient, one means the right to self-govern. Stanley’s belief was predominant among European scholars – an element of the so-called ‘white man’s burden hypothesis. ’ In any case, Stanley’s accounts made impression to the rulers of Europe – most of which were keen to acquire more colonies for wealth and prestige. Although it is erroneous to assume that Stanley’s account was the actual cause of European colonization of Africa, Stanley’s account provided sufficient justification for the colonization of the continent. The middle chapters of the book dealt with the main opponent of the Congo government. George Washington Williams was a man of righteous standing – worthy of the name he carried. Most of his life was devoted to denouncing the evils of European imperialism in Africa. He opposed the ‘collectivization of the Congo people’ as a means to increase the wealth of the king. He proposed for a general education program that will train the Congo people to become ‘self sufficient’ – a satirical word Williams used in his writings. He argued for the abolishment of forced labor – a method which he deemed unChristian and immoral. He exposed the true nature of the ‘humanitarian motive’ of the king, arguing that it was merely a front to increase the king’s popularity in Europe. The death of Williams in 1891 did not end the criticisms against the Congo government. Other individuals like William Sheppard and Roger Casement followed the steps of Williams. The intensity of the criticisms forced King Leopold to sell the Congo state to Belgium. The last chapters of the book dealt with the legacy of King Leopold in Congo. His legacies are as follows: 1) The establishment of tobacco and rubber plantations throughout the Congo State resulted to famine and forced conscription. Because much of the agricultural land was utilized for tobacco and rubber plantations, the production of agricultural crops decreased by about 70%. Many people died from starvation and disease. Many people who worked in these plantations lost their arms, legs, and noses because most of the equipment used were unsafe. Those who failed to meet the required quota were either thrown into prison or sold to wealthy landowners. Children, women, and the elderly were required to work for about 16 hours a day – worse than the factory system in Europe; 2) King Leopold destroyed the cultural life of the people of Congo. The royal governors neglected and even repressed cultural practices in an attempt to inculcate Western values to the Congo people. Of course, such effort failed. It was impossible to inculcate Western values because the Congo people saw it as the driving force of oppression. In any case, the royal governors succeeded in destroying the cultural life of the Congo people by increased brutality – only by brutality would people lost faith on their own way of living. The King’s Ghost The brutality of the Congo State was first and foremost the reflection of the king’s image. In private, he expressed his deepest prejudice to the Africans – which in his view were nothing but primates and sources of labor. Yes, he disgruntled slavery, so long as it does not concern the Europeans. The white man’s burden was essentially based on prejudicial philanthropy. The king only possessed prejudicial qualities and never philanthropy – a very concept which he himself despised. In any case, his death did not signal the end of oppression in Congo. The oppression continued until Congo’s independence from Belgium in 1960 – the year in which European imperialism in Africa ended – or supposed to have ended. The King’s Property It was Stanley’s description of the Arab slave trade which made significant impression to King Leopold. From the official records, Leopold argued that the only barrier to prosperity in central Africa was the Arab slave trade – a phenomenon that must be stopped. However, King Leopold wanted Congo for the following reasons: 1) Leopold saw Congo as a source of wealth and income. Upon acquiring Congo, Leopold proceeded to institute repressive administration tasked to extract wealth from the country. Ivory, minerals, and other precious objects were acquired by forced labor. Populations were ‘collectivized’ in order for the system to be more efficient and cost effective. When Henry Stanley became governor of the Congo State, he instituted policies that further the suffering of the Congo people. Tobacco was planted instead of traditional crops in a significant portion of Congo’s agricultural lands. Congo’s tobacco would be sold to Europe at a considerable price. The effect: there was widespread famine in Congo; 2) King Leopold wanted to build his reputation as a ‘philanthropist’ in the eyes of the European powers. Leopold initially doubted this approach, arguing that it was generally deviant from the methods used by other European powers. Stanley advised him that such approach was the most appropriate. He would gain fame and more importantly an important economic base in Africa. His ulterior motive of ‘becoming a philanthropist’ was somehow facilitated by his eradication of the Arab slave trade in Congo – which in actuality, he replaced by forced labor. A Picture of Congo The followers of Williams painted a general picture of Congo. According to them, Congo was: 1) A land of opportunity where the people can be exploited and robbed of their possessions. For the Europeans, the most priced asset of a colony was its inhabitants. Forcing inhabitants to work for about 16 hours a day was excruciating for the Europeans. It demanded more creative means of ‘persuading’ people to increase their quotas; 2) A land of desolation where famine and disease were everywhere. The syllabus of European imperialism called for the introduction of science and medicine to alleviate peoples’ sufferings. The Congo State did the opposite. Instead of allotting food and medicine to the poor, it used its official coercive powers to destroy life, property, and liberty; 3) A land of primates whose hands tittered with mud and suffering. A group of primates (Africans) for Leopold would never equal a poor Belgian. From King Leopold’s view, the efficacy of effective colonial rule rested on the laurels of brutality. If the colonized people were ‘primitive’, then it was the work of the colonizer to further the suffering of the people. The hand of the primate, remarked Leopold was worth more than the mind of a European gazer (but never his personality). Conclusion Hochschild’s picture of Congo is accurate in three respects. First, most of the accounts used were directly derived from personal accounts of former slaves, plantation workers, and prisoners. Although it is possible that the accounts might be a little exaggerated, the flow of theme is generally in unity. Two things are certain. First, King Leopold acquired the Congo State for his personal use (increase his wealth and prestige). Second, his policies led to increased suffering to the Congo people. In any case, one cannot deny the fact that the ravages of European imperialism were also present in other parts of Africa. Only in Congo were the ravages greatly manifested itself in the policies and directives of the royal governors. This is not a proclaimed hypothesis; this is fact – a reality that every individual must know. Bibliography Hochschild, Adam. King Leopold’s Ghost. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1998.

Outline and Critically Evaluate the design Argument Essays

Outline and Critically Evaluate the design Argument Essays Outline and Critically Evaluate the design Argument Essay Outline and Critically Evaluate the design Argument Essay Essay Topic: Natural Theology Also known as the Teleological Argument, Originating from the Latin word for teleos meaning distance, the Design Argument is the basis for the existence of God, or at least the existence of a designer. Many Theologians such as Charles Darwin, Michael Paley and David Hume have all commented on their views concerning this argument, which I shall consider in my assessment. The Design argument states that the cosmos shows signs of designer in its regularity; Seasons, day and night and phases of the moon, and that certain features serve specific purposes (teats for several young). Such design needs to have been created by a designer, the designer being God. This implies that the universe was created for an eventual, distant purpose, whether known or to be found. This specific argument has two parts to consider when discussing certain aspects. Design qua regularity and Design qua Purpose. Design Qua Regularity apposes that the universe shows sign of regularity as exampled before, but raises the question of how. Philosophers supporting this argument believe that such signs can conclude a designer at work. Design Qua Purpose suggests that some characteristics of the cosmos point toward a purpose. Certain elements seem to correspond with others for no apparent reason other than pure design. As if the world were a machine, God, the designer, has engineered and supervised his designs specifically to keep regularity upon it. A good supportive account used when discussing the Design argument is found in Natural Theology, called The watch and the watchmaker, William Paley. Paley argues that just like the watch in his story, some things have a clear purpose like the sun, to give light and heat, whereas other things such as the stone and other planets have no clear purpose that we yet know of. His narrative is convincing in the way he uses the watch and its parts to show specificity of design and purpose. He explains that although we have not seen the watch produced, we know it has a designer who intended it to be used for a reason. We cannot be ignorant and simply suggest that a stone serves no purpose just because we know not of it and have not seen it personally created. Neither can we simply conclude that pure chance allowed the cosmos to occur. Natural instinct, resulting in survival and Newtons law of motion were also viewed to aid Paleys beliefs. Perhaps the most famous argument of design, I feel this story shows a broad understanding of the question in mind and portrays a simple, understandable prospect of the Design argument. Another, more obvious place to find support of the design argument can be seen in the Bible. Genesis shows evidence of Regularity and Purpose as well as design. Lights to put light upon the earth and the evening and the morning Although some people may not believe the teachings of the Bible, there appears to be some sense behind these writings, which corresponds with the theories of Theologians worldwide. As with any discussion, there happens to be an opposition in the form of David Hume. He criticized the design argument as seen in Dialogues concerning natural religion, David Hume, where he finds Paleys suggestions absurd and irrelevant to the existence of design. Instead, and rather sarcastically, Hume implies that a cabbage makes a better example of purpose, but doesnt necessarily conclude a dominant figure behind its existence, instead pure mystery or science. He also embarks on the fact that many Gods may have been involved in the creation of the universe, agreeing with other religious beliefs, he portrays an anti Judaic-Christian concept, questioning monotheism. As we ourselves can see, the world is far from perfect, Hume included, faulty first rude essay of some infant deity who afterwards abandoned it. Humes theories closely link to a more scientific, modern approach to such arguments. Similarities occur when discussing the apparent existence of the world and inhabitants of it. Hume believes that the world shows evidence of regularity as expected from such a great thing otherwise it could not continue. Scientists have concluded their own theory, steering away from religious stereotypical views, but closely relating their discoveries to issues raised in religious beliefs. The big bang theory states that the universe began 15,000 million years ago, with the explosion of a dense nucleus matter, hence the big bang. This discovery catches out the Bible as the universe is actually Older than we once thought. This could deter peoples opinions towards this theory and criticize more religious views. By measuring the distance between stars, scientists were able to make these discoveries and conclude that the universe is always expanding, showing natural movement and creation. The Biblical account could be counted as myth, although inaccurate, it shows meaning and thought behind its teachings and some truth. Let there be light (Genesis) could be interpreted as the big bang, but in simple terms for instance. Another Critic to consider is John Stuart Mill. He raises the same point as Hume in that the world is far from perfect with pain and suffering, both naturally e. g. hurricanes, droughts, and floods together with man-made suffering such as war. He argues that God being the all powerful figure in question has all abilities to aid in the decrease of such events, but intentionally creates such situations as believed by others. Immoral and evil is not the view commonly taken on board when thinking of such a being, but can be considered when deciding the success of the world in the eyes of a designer. He therefore concludes that there can be no designer or that such a designer has corrupt intentions. Individuals could argue that these occurrences serve a purpose, either as punishments or to eventually lead to good, much the same way a divorce could work. You could be happy or equally depressed as a result, contradicting all possibility of a motive. A more famous Critic to this argument is Charles Darwin. In his travels among the Galapagos Islands, he noted that Giant tortoises belonging to different islands had distinguishing features that differed to their relatives. He concluded that the tortoises had somehow adapted to their environment to suit their needs. He realised that this fact contradicted the Teleological argument and therefore needed to be considered among such discussions. Having gained such knowledge of the way in which species evolve, he looked at the evolution of man, clearly seeing that our ancestors take form in the shape of monkeys. Darwin made this discovery apparent to the Victorians who of course were disgusted with his tales, mainly due to the fact that they believed that animals had no souls. This is because the Bible clearly states that God made man in his own image, not as monkeys or apes. But Darwin was right and so scientists continued their discoveries and studies on evolution and survival of the fittest. Darwins book The origin of species persuaded people that we should look upon fact and science, steering people away from their religious beliefs. The Anthropic principle is another form of the Design argument that focuses on the argument towards design. Knowing that Darwins theories contradict the Bible and previous beliefs, it claims that the cosmos breeds development and evolution of intelligent life. The evolution of man and animals was not coincidence but a product of design and purpose. Supporters of this design are Tennant and Swinburne. Swinburne concludes that the cosmos could just as easily be chaotic as it is governed. The fact that it is not, to him, suggests design and a designer, over ruling chance and coincidence. He decided that the fact that the universe is so complex means that there had to be a designer, the most likely figure being God. Tennant believed the opposite to Swinburne, chaos among the universe could be possible. He realised that there was order present but didnt claim it to be an impossibility. The universe to him was also seen as a development ground for intelligent life to grow and flourish in such environments provided. The next form of the anthropic principle is the argument from design. This can be associated with critics such as Paley as it appeals to instances of design among the cosmos. Using both forms it is possible to reach some kind of conclusion about the design and purpose of the universe. We could say that the Bible cannot always be taken literally but we should not overrule the theories included. In some instances, design could be present but not totally confirmed. It seems as though for every breakthrough there is a downfall when discussing the Teleological argument. Maybe we should be more open-minded and develop new ways of thinking like Darwin. Even so we must take into account the previous comments and theories used time and time before if we are to reach any justified conclusion. I believe that the cosmos does indeed shoes sign or regularity, perhaps pointing toward design but not concluding design. I can see the reasons behind such claims but cannot back them as I believe that the universe could just as easily have been formed by chance or possibly the big bang. I would say that the Biblical account is more about a story than fact, as the people who wrote it had no knowledge of the scientific discoveries around now such as natural selection. I am just as confused and un-convinced as before, but hold greater knowledge of the factors effecting the way we discuss and think about the way in which we view the Design Arguemnt.

A Tragic Hero Essays - Literature, Arts, Culture, The Crucible

A Tragic Hero Essays - Literature, Arts, Culture, The Crucible A Tragic Hero Heroes are viewed as vital to a story within American literature. These heroes accomplish both big and small feats in their own stories. They can help a whole city that's in danger, or just help themselves get over some internal conflict. Whichever situation they fulfill, they're considered a hero and have a special place within any kind of story. In literature we have a specific kind of hero that often makes appearances in stories, this would be a tragic hero. A tragic hero has flaws and makes errors, just like an ordinary person, which makes it easier for readers to relate to the hero and pity them (Miller). The hero's story also displays how they must make a difficult decision that could have effect on many people close to them. A prime example of a tragic hero would be John Proctor from The Crucible . Proctor fulfills many of the characteristics of a tragic hero, he has major flaws and has to make many crucial decisions throughout the play. Due to his actions within the play, while also dealing with the repercussions of his past mistakes, he can easily be considered a tragic hero. John Proctor, like any other human, made mistakes in his past. He has an affair with the household servant, Abigail Williams. She is the niece of Reverend Parris, who preaches at the local church. Parris is disliked by a majority of the town of Salem due to his extreme preaching about how everyone is going to hell. John Proctor dislikes and distrusts Parris a great deal, which in turn causes him to not attend church and not have his youngest child baptised. These facts are used against him later in the play because another man, Reverend Hale, wrongly judges him and makes him look bad to the court. So when he tries to save his wife and present evidence that make her look good, the court already views him badly. Once Proctor is accused of witchcraft he faces his biggest decision he has to make, Overall, Proctor is a good man that falls into bad situations and makes mistakes, like any other person. It's how he handles those issues and what he goes through that makes him a tragic he ro. According to Aristotle, a tragic hero is a literary character who makes a judgement error that inevitably leads to his/her own destruction. In The Crucible, John Proctor's judgement error would be his affair with Abigail. He finally realizes the only way to get the trails to stop However, what really leads to his destruction is his flaw, his excessive pride also known as hubris. At the end of the play, when he almost confesses, he refuses to let the court post his confession on the church door and tears the confession up. This shows how his pride got in the way and led him to accept his death. Obviously he had other reasons for not confessing including regaining his goodness and dignity, which also build his character as a tragic hero. There are two things that Proctor holds close to him, his wife and his good name. In attempt to save both of these things, he initially admits to the affair between him and Abigail. This is the major decision he makes that he thinks will discredit Abigail and her friends in the court: A man may think God sleeps, but God sees everything, I know it now. I beg you, sir, I beg yousee her what she is. . . . She thinks to dance with me on my wife's grave! And well she might, for I thought of her softly. God help me, I lusted, and there is a promise in such sweat. But it is a whore's vengeance, and you must see it; I set myself entirely in your hands. (Miller 873) Because he makes this significant decision it adds to him being a tragic hero due to Aristotle's description of a tragic hero. His actions were honorable due to the fact that he exposed himself and his mistakes for the well being of his wife and their marriage. Over the course of The Crucible John Proctor did many things to

Chemical Composition of Petroleum

Chemical Composition of Petroleum Petroleum or crude oil is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons and other chemicals. The composition varies widely depending on where and how the petroleum was formed. In fact, chemical analysis can be used to fingerprint the source of petroleum. However, raw petroleum or crude oil has characteristic properties and composition. Hydrocarbons in Crude Oil There are four main types of hydrocarbons found in crude oil. paraffins (15-60%)naphthenes (30-60%)aromatics (3-30%)asphaltics (remainder) The hydrocarbons primarily are alkanes, cycloalkanes, and aromatic hydrocarbons. Elemental Composition of Petroleum Although there is considerable variation between the ratios of organic molecules, the elemental composition of petroleum is well-defined: Carbon - 83 to 87%Hydrogen - 10 to 14%Nitrogen - 0.1 to 2%Oxygen - 0.05 to 1.5%Sulfur - 0.05 to 6.0%Metals - 0.1% The most common metals are iron, nickel, copper, and vanadium. Petroleum Color and Viscosity The color and viscosity of petroleum vary markedly from one place to another. Most petroleum is dark brown or blackish in color, but it also occurs in green, red, or yellow.

Globalisation and employment relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Globalisation and employment relations - Essay Example At this point Herod provides an avenue upon which we can understand the employment relationship that exist between the owners of capital and the people who work in their firms .He observes that people offer their labor services to the owners of capital but they do not get compensation equal to the value they create in the final products. This way Herod is able to bring out a very clear picture of the employment relationship that exist in the capitalist society. In addition, Herod argues that capitalism presents different types of employment relations some of which are capitalist in nature while others are not, for instance, they are people who are self-employed and they do not hire people to get labor services. In this case, they are not engaged in capitalist mode of production though they may buy materials from other people and this is what Herod refers to as capitalist social relationship. Globalization is seen as penetrating, places that were traditional before and conquering them and hence becoming very powerful. This ability to dominate makes it almost impossible for workers to win against the Trans-National Companies (TNCs) in case of labor disputes. This is because the TNCs have the capacity to hire reputable lawyers and move around the labor laws and regulations in the host country. The TNCs also have the capacity translate the local languages and traditions allowing them to be able to dominate the local workers who are divided by the same traditions and language barriers. To help us appreciate further the employment relations, Herod compares the kind of relationship that exists between the workers and the employers in East Europe and in Western countries. For instance, in Eastern Europe, workers and employers came together and formed groups to enhance their chances of accessing government resources as privatization of state parastatals started. On the other hand, labor organizations found themselves in a dilemma in trying to cushion their members from the negative effects of privatization and at the same time being against the people from the old order who wanted to benefit only themselves. Globalization, according to Herod is also seen as ‘Westernization’ or ‘Modernization’ where the Western values of capitalism and democracy are to be spread out to the rest o f the world. The spatial difference will be done away with as the rest of the world adopts capitalism especially the Least Developed Countries (LDCS).The developing countries are viewed as lagging behind and as time goes by they will catch up with the Western countries and become like them. Modernization therefore seems to a process that occurs geographically as modern values spread from more advanced nations to traditional nations especially the third world countries. The less developed nations will do away with dictatorships and embrace democracy as the modern form of government. Herod goes on to examine the assertion that globalization is dilut ing the power of the Nation-State as individual Nations are forced to deregulate the market and at the same time relinquish their duty of offering public goods like education and health. Organizations like the European Union (EU) and the World Trade Organizations (WTO) are said to be eclipsing the Nation-State. However, Herod is of the view that these irrternational organizations may not erase the importance of the individual Nation-States as most of them are